Structure

Structure: Facilitate the Learning Process

As instructors, we feel great joy when students learn from our classes and when we see great outcomes of our students. Hence, it is important to design the class structure including in-class and out-of-class learning activities to facilitate the learning process. Many studies show that effective instruction design is created based on the principles of “How People Learn”. For more information, please refer to How people learn II: learners, context, and cultures, 2018.

Associated Principles	Observable Behavior
S1: Provides clear goals/outcomes	V1.1: Shares current developments in the discipline V1.2: Projects genuine enthusiasm about the discipline  V1.3: Provides opportunities for students to share their interests, knowledge, and ideas related to the field
S2: Organizes class effectively	V2.1: Addresses student questions and comments V2.2: Provides group tasks that promoted knowledge construction in community and higher-level thinking  V2.3: Synthesizes group work at conclusion of collaborative activity  V2.4: Develops student learning through active participation in lesson activities
S3: Employs instructional design based on knowledge of how people learn	V3.1: Encouraged students to answer each other’s questions  V3.2: Encouraged groups to ensure that all students have an opportunity to speak and are listened to   V3.3: Enforced respectful behavior and kindness between students V3.4 Facilitated effective group work through assignment of roles and group selection V3.5: Intervened as necessary to hold class to pre-agreed-upon community norms
S4: Structures activities to develop effective learners	V4.1: Provided varied opportunities for students to apply newly learned content V4.2: Adopted strategies and activities that captivate disengaged students V4.3: Gave students recurring opportunities to engage with other students in small groups or as a whole class

Associated Principles:

S1: Provides clear goals/outcomes

S2: Organizes class effectively

S3: Employs instructional design based on knowledge of how people learn

S4: Structures activities to develop effective learners